Human trafficking is a global problem, shackling 35 million people worldwide to lives that they do not choose. According to calculations from the Walk Free Foundation, an Australian non-profit, 14 million of these modern slaves are held captive in India.
Image Source India Tv
The sex slave trade is centuries old, but its modern incarnation in India began under the British. When British soldiers and clerks began showing high rates of syphilis, 19th-century colonial administrators passed the Cantonment Act and Contagious Diseases Act, and created regulated areas for commercialized sex for British soldiers. Indian women were brought to the area and regularly submitted to health check-ups. These women were not allowed to marry or have any other profession. Abolitionists of the time recognized this treatment for what it was: another form of slavery.
Today, 90% of human trafficking in India happens domestically, not across borders. In many cases, traffickers lure children or young adults from rural villages to the city with the promise of well-paid work. Then, victims are transferred to people who, in a real sense, become their slave masters. Some victims work without pay as household maids. Others enter forced marriages with strangers they have never met. Some are forced into bonded labor in the mining or agricultural sectors. Others are sold into brothels.
The Indian criminal justice system, which has limited resources and its own problems with corruption, has had little impact on trafficking. According to official statistics, police only handled 720 human trafficking cases nationwide in 2014.
Image source : apaneaap.org
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports that sexual exploitation constitutes about half of human trafficking in the South Asia, East Asia and the Pacific Region. Estimates put the number of women in prostitution in India between 2 and 3 million, many of whom are children. These sex-trafficked minors live in squalid conditions in the red light districts of major cities, servicing multiple clients a day.
Kolkata, the sprawling metropolis of 14 million people, is a global hub of forced prostitution. Neighborhoods known for prostitution shift over time, and as such the number of Kolkata red light districts hovers between 7 and 12. These are massive areas where men loiter between shoddy buildings, and women and girls wait inside doorways and greet clients.
Vulnerability governs the lives of the individuals working within the industry. Their bodies and futures are not their own; most have been deceived, beaten, sometimes tortured, raped, and threatened with further beatings, mutilation, and death if they try to leave. If a prostitute becomes pregnant, her child will grow up with the same life. It is not wrong to say that such a child is trafficked into his or her own home.
Not all of the women bound to India’s human trafficking industry are from India, though. According to the United Nations, traffickers bring roughly 15,000 people from Nepal into India every year to be sold into forced labor or prostitution, even smuggling 28 victims of the recent Nepali earthquake into the country (media reports that two of these traffickers have recently been arrested). Other source countries include Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine. At the same time, India has become a supplier of trafficked human beings to countries in the Middle East and elsewhere.
The colossal industry continues thanks to its high demand and thus financially lucrative returns. According to Siddharth Kara, the Director of the Program on Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery at the Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, a sex slave in Mumbai, India, brings traffickers a profit of around $13,000 a year and costs the trafficker almost nothing to maintain.
Before what is very much a problem of supply and demand, the most interesting work being done by non-profit groups in the region is that which frames the issue in economic terms.
One such non-profit is Apne Aap, which works in Kolkata. As Apne Aap founder Ruchira Gupta has said, “We believe that prostitution, which is the outcome of sex trafficking, is both a supply and a demand problem. On the supply side are women and girls who have no choices. But on the demand side are the pimps and the customers who have plenty of choices.” Apne Aap and other similar organizations work to intensify the legal consequences for victimizers, not victims, and to reduce demand for underage prostitution through education campaigns targeted at men.
They have a long way to go, though. Human trafficking is the world’s third-most profitable illegal industry, behind only the drugs and weapons trade. An enormous proportion of the worldwide trade in persons occurs in India, soon to be the world’s most populous country. If India is to take its place as a true global power and claim the moral distinction of being the world’s largest democracy, abolishing the modern slave trade within its borders must become one of its highest priorities.
Source: http://all-that-is-interesting.com/human-trafficking-india
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